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時(shí)值二月，天氣乍暖還寒，正是一年學(xué)習(xí)記憶的好時(shí)節(jié)。如果大家決心考研，可以利用這一階段準(zhǔn)備一下公共科目，尤其是2017考研英語詞匯的記憶。另外，大家還需要把重點(diǎn)放在夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)語法點(diǎn)上，這樣才能為2017考研英語考取高分打下良好的基礎(chǔ)，也為以后的專業(yè)課備考空出更充裕的時(shí)間。本文就來談一下考研英語語法中同學(xué)們?nèi)菀壮鲥e(cuò)的一種句子成分——狀語。

一、 狀語的概念及語法功能

狀語是句子的重要修飾成分，在句中的位置比較靈活，可以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等句子成分，從地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等方面對(duì)這些詞進(jìn)行修飾或限制。狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來擔(dān)當(dāng)。

1.副詞

副詞是一種用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句的詞，說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等內(nèi)容。

He likes apples very much. (very是程度副詞，用來修飾much，

very much是修飾like的程度狀語)

It is painfully clear that she cannot go home.( painfully副詞，這里的副詞不是修飾clear, 而是修飾整個(gè)句子，不能譯作痛苦地顯而易見，而是譯作很清楚她不能回家，這點(diǎn)令人痛心。)

2. 不定式

To finish his homework on time, Tom has to turn off the television.(不定式作目的狀語)

3. 介詞短語

Ten years ago, She worked in a small company. (介詞短語作時(shí)間狀語)

For a jaded observer from Brussels it was oddly heartening to get into a taxi in Dublin at the height of the referendum campaign and be treated not to the usual moans about traffic and football but to an expletive-filled tirade against article 133 of the Nice Treaty.(For a jaded observer from Brussels介詞短語作狀語，對(duì)于一個(gè)身心疲憊的歐盟觀察員來說)

4. 從句

A German official argues that if the Treaty of Rome, which started the process of European integration in 1957, had been put to a vote, “Germans might have rejected it because it raised the price of bananas.”(if引導(dǎo)的從句作條件狀語)

5.分詞作狀語

Having quarreled with his wife, he closed the door in a bad temper.(分詞短語作原因狀語)

最后需要提醒大家的是，考研英語長(zhǎng)難句中，狀語的識(shí)別和處理對(duì)于正確分析和理解句子起著重要的作用，同學(xué)們?cè)诜治鼍渥訒r(shí)注意狀語所修飾的成分和在句子中的功能。持之以恒，注意積累，相信大家的語法知識(shí)水平會(huì)有進(jìn)一步的提升。