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過(guò)去分詞可以表示“被動(dòng)”和“完成”等意義，因此沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)方面的形式變化。下面談一下現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。

1.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having+過(guò)去分詞)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前或兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上有一定的間隔。

例如:

Having written the letter，John went to the post office.

(=After he had written the letter，John went to the post office.

約翰寫(xiě)完信后，就去郵局了。

Having lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.

(=As he has lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.)

老王在北京住了多年，所以對(duì)這個(gè)城市很熟悉。

Having drunk two glasses of water, Xiao Ma felt a little better.

(=After he had drunk two glasses of water Xiao Ma felt a little better.)

小馬喝了兩杯水，感覺(jué)好一些了

一般式和完成式現(xiàn)在分詞都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。在可能引起誤解的場(chǎng)合應(yīng)該用完成式現(xiàn)在分詞表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

例如:

Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet.

(=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.)

他打開(kāi)抽屜，拿出錢(qián)包。

Coming into the room，he put down his bag.

(=he came into the room and put down his bag.)

他走進(jìn)房間，放下提包。

Having brushed his teeth，Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.

布朗先生刷過(guò)牙，就下樓來(lái)吃早飯。

(此句如寫(xiě)成:Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指“邊刷牙，邊下樓’。)

2.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(being +過(guò)去分詞)通常表示“正在被…”的意思。如強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，可用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的完成式(having + been +過(guò)去分詞)。

例如:

The bridge being built will be completed next month.正在修建的那座橋?qū)⒂谙略峦瓿伞?/font>