首先,英語中只要存在名詞,就會存在修飾名詞或解釋名詞的東西。所以,I 后面可能跟有這些成分。比如 liuxiaoyan,這個東西也是名詞,名詞后面還可能有修飾或限定成分,比如 who comes from chongqing university. 這個句子中最后一個成分還是名詞,又可能存在著修飾限定成分,于是又可能來對chongqing university 做解釋,which is the most important universities in china; 這時同學們已經可以自己推出來了,china后面還可能有修飾限定成分。同樣的道理,you 后面也可以跟修飾限定成分。這樣,一個所謂的長難句就誕生了。
I, liuxiaoyan, who comes from chongqing university, which is the most important universities in china, who is my motherland, love you ,who can make everybody stop to look at you in the street in which there are so many people who ... ;
比如說“他來看我”,不能翻譯成“he comes see me”;因為這個句子中只有comes 是謂語,所以see,變成了 to see,這就是動詞不定式了。再如這句話,beat you is my fault. 顯然is 是句子的謂語,所以beat 這個動詞就不能作為動詞出現了,要把它變成beating或者是to beat。也就是說,由于以上原因,英語中就存在了分詞或動詞不定式了。也就是說分詞和不定式可以做英語句子的任何成分,除了不能作謂語。這也就是英語長難句存在的依據之二。
I love you , but you love that dog. 這樣就有了英語的并列句,在考研英語中,并列句是個難點也是重點。因為一般來說,有并列的句子,就會考到代詞指代或省略。
例如: Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. 主句是有一個連詞and 連接的兩個并列的句子,后面的句子就省略了will continue to be rejected。
(2)用主從句來連接兩個并列的句子
兩個句子中的一個變成從句也是解決辦法。即是:although I love you, you love that dog. (狀語從句) 或I love you ,who loves that dog. (定語從句)
(3)用分詞做狀語來連接兩個并列的句子
把謂語動詞變成不是動詞就可以了。于是,把前面句子中的love 變成loving 就搞定了。即是:my loving you , you love that dog。
例如:This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
常見的并列連詞有and, but, yet, or, so, for ,not only...but also... 看到這批單詞,一般就有并列結構存在,并且很可能存在著省略問題。
例如:They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements。
并列連詞如上已經標出,顯然第一個and 前后的兩個句子是完全并列的;后面的and 前后兩句話也應該是并列的,并且其前的謂語動詞前有引導詞in which,in which 前又是個名詞,所以這是由and 引導的兩個定語從句。因為存在并列,所以第二個定從和第一個相比,少了in which a person is 。
例如:Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society。
例如:Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest(微博) dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place。