這樣的句子就是毫無邏輯可言的,當然也不會出現在文章中。那么一篇文章怎么能做到邏輯縝密、嚴絲合縫呢!最重要的是通過兩個“連接裝置” :一是邏輯連詞,and but so or for 這類的,這個是大的邏輯關系詞。這個在“戲說英語完形”中有相關的邏輯連詞的資料,同學們去那個帖子看一下。第二類就是代詞。但是有的同學說了,代詞怎么能有邏輯關系呢?怎么能連接句子呢?我說一個最簡單的例子:阿嬌長得很漂亮,我很喜歡她。這兩個之間沒有邏輯連詞,但是句子仍然顯得很有邏輯性,很嚴密。這是因為有了代詞,“她”這個代詞就把兩個沒關系的句子連接起來了。這樣一解釋我們就頓悟了,原來我們尋找的“同義復現”背后的原理就是尋找文章的代詞,原來原理竟是如此的簡單。
2.引號&專有名詞:如果你引入一個新的概念或者一個新的專有名詞,那么你要先介紹他,這就不免在一個段落或連續的幾個段落多次出現這個專有名詞。如2008年的最后一題。空前的最后一句,The student who wrote “The A & P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45) 這里出現了一個專有名詞The A & P不管他是縮寫還是什么意思,這個是我們不知道的東西,后面一定會還要提到他。那么看選項中EF有提到The A & P
E:Although this is an interesting issue, it has…lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces.
F:In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A & P”…
【第一段】The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41)
【第二段】Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42) Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.
【第三段】 (43) .Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.
【第四段】If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44) .These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.
【第五段】Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote “The A & P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45)
【第六段】Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times – and then again – working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.
[A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.
[B] After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.
[C] It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.
[D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.
[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces.
[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A & P,” the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.
[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.
45:空之前出現兩個專有名詞A & P和Sammy,從7個選項中只有E、F中有出現。這就鎖定了兩個備選。第五段說刪除與主題無關的內容,并舉了一個例子,這個同學刪除了了sammy有關的某一段。看E中說Although this is an interesting issue,正好與前文他刪的那一段內容相對應,而且用兩個連接裝置顯得文章邏輯性很嚴密。反過來看F,本段的主題就是說刪除與主題無關的內容。而F中絲毫沒有體現這一點,只是說最后一段他是怎樣寫的。相比起來E要比F好得多。