【例句】Kevin gave us a wonderful training course, which left us a deep impression.
【解析】這個(gè)句子的前身應(yīng)該是這樣的:Kevin gave us a wonderful training course. It left us a deep impression. it就是指代前面這個(gè)句子,這樣兩個(gè)句子就有了共有的名詞,連接兩個(gè)具有共同名詞的句子是定語(yǔ)從句的作用,就可以用which代替it,這樣就有了示例中的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。
【例句】There is something by virtue of which man is man.
【譯文】存在一種特性,人之所以為人就是由于這種特性。
【解析】這句話其實(shí)是由以下兩句話變來(lái)的:1)There is something. 2)Man is man by virtue of this thing.這兩句話中有共有的名詞something和this thing,用which替換掉this thing再把of which提前,得到:There is something of which man is man by virtue.
三、實(shí)例分析
【例句】Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
【解析】句子的主干為:Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…這句話的難點(diǎn)還在于其主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都有較長(zhǎng)的短語(yǔ)和of結(jié)構(gòu)限定,并且分句是由兩個(gè)and相連的3個(gè)部分組成的。分句an element…landowners又帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)是(which was)representing…,另一個(gè)是(which was)detached…?梢(jiàn),定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)在于經(jīng)常省略“引導(dǎo)詞+be”的結(jié)構(gòu),從而在理解上容易和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相混淆。實(shí)際上定語(yǔ)從句并不符合漢語(yǔ)的使用習(xí)慣。所以翻譯時(shí)遇上定語(yǔ)從句,一定不要機(jī)械地按照原來(lái)的順序生搬硬套。像這樣分句較長(zhǎng)的情況,把主句和分句拆為兩句是比較好的方法。所以這里從“這個(gè)階層”開(kāi)始另起一句。